The surge of retail investor activity in public markets is a well-documented phenomenon. Digital brokerage platforms and online learning channels are the primary drivers. They often give users the illusion that they can compete with large institutional investors and capitalize on market volatility.
Retail investors comprised 25% of total equities trading volume in 2021, which was nearly double the percentage reported a decade earlier, according to online investing platform Public. In February 2023, retail investors across online platforms set a new all-time high for weekly inflows, with $1.5 billion in retail assets pouring into the market in a single week, Public reports.
Sadly but predictably, however, only a small minority of retail investors make money through day trading: between 10% and 30% every quarter.
Yet, every day, hundreds of millions of dollars are invested through online trading platforms, including those that allow risky binary options trading. Many of these platforms appeal to the same human instincts as sports betting platforms, emphasizing the adrenaline of “winning” and “becoming rich,” as if day trading was a certified tool to make money. Scores of financial influencers (finfluencers) blast “magic” trading tricks on social media, further pushing uninformed retail investors to day-trade.
Easy access to online platforms with limited controls creates an uneven playing field vis-à-vis institutional investors. Retail investors are in effect competing against professional institutional traders who have access to top research and data. The potential for an overwhelming amount of capital chasing the same opportunities in public markets, potentially exacerbating stock market bubbles, is the result, as we witnessed in the GameStop short squeeze.
Private Markets Offer an Alternative Risk-Return Profile
Private market opportunities offer an alternative risk-return profile that could benefit a retail investor’s portfolio through diversification. But these opportunities are often overlooked, and retail investors are underrepresented.
Several factors create a barrier to private markets that is difficult for retail investors to cross. First, private offerings are only available to accredited investors, who meet certain asset or income thresholds. Second, high minimum investment requirements are common for most private market opportunities, including private equity funds. These requirements run contrary to traditional portfolio allocation recommendations of 5% to 10% in alternative assets.
Finally, a general lack of information and education about private markets perpetuates the myth that private market investments are inherently “riskier.”
SEC Rules 506(b) and 506(c) severely limit access to private offerings, allowing access to only accredited investors and a limited number of non-accredited. The SEC’s intention is to protect investors with limited financial knowledge or limited available assets to allocate to less liquid investments. Less-sophisticated investors are deemed to be more vulnerable in private markets due to the high level of customization of investment opportunities.
Unsophisticated investors are able to access online trading platforms, however, including those that offer binary options. These platforms are built and advertised in the same fashion as sports betting sites. Investors on these platforms typically lose money, data shows, and odds are stacked against them in these markets, which are characterized by massive information asymmetry.
Are Public Markets Really Less Risky?
Ultimately, the notions that public markets are inherently less risky or that anyone with a laptop and an internet connection is a knowledgeable investor are misconceptions. Behavioral finance has already debunked the myth that human beings are rational investors. We know that public market bubbles are exacerbated by investor “heuristics.” Such bubbles may have become larger and more frequent since the increase in retail investor participation.
Something also needs to be said about higher minimum allocations. While there are some private market investment vehicles with minimum investments as low as $25,000, most opportunities require investments in the range of millions of dollars. If a traditional portfolio allocates 10% to alternatives, an investor will have to hold substantial amounts of investable assets to access a single private market opportunity. It is hard to see how this does not limit opportunities for diversification.
Private market investments, especially private credit, can offer returns that are not subject to daily market fluctuations, providing much-needed diversification in an investor’s portfolio. Private markets are more insulated from daily investor sentiment because their performance is driven by more fundamental factors. They present an opportunity for patient capital to be deployed to professionally sourced opportunities that are less correlated to public market oscillations.
Education is Key
In this post, I merely raise the question of whether the current regulatory framework is conducive to better consumer “welfare.” That is not to say that retail investors should be allowed to seamlessly access private markets. In fact, education is key. “An Introduction to Alternative Credit,” which I co-edited with Philip Clements for the Research Foundation, is a good primer on the credit side. Service providers that offer private investments should offer retail investors more transparency and more education.
Ultimately, a more balanced investment strategy that includes private market allocations—subject to well-informed investor decisions—could potentially offer a more stable and diversified portfolio.
Editor’s Note: CFA Institute Research and Policy Center delves into the challenges the author identifies with financial influencers in its report, “The Finfluencer Appeal: Investing in the Age of Social Media.” The report also points out that some finfluencers are creating informative and engaging content that educates and increases participation in capital markets.
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All posts are the opinion of the author. As such, they should not be construed as investment advice, nor do the opinions expressed necessarily reflect the views of CFA Institute or the author’s employer.
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